Engine



Aug. 24, 1943-. J. TJAARDA 21,327,470

' ENGINE I Filed Nov. 29, 1940 I 2 ShetsSheeC 1 Ala l ATTORN Y5 J. TJAARDA ENGINE Filed Nov. 29,;940 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 lNV ENTOR 7j dara a, M

ATTORN EYs.

Patented Aug. 24,

valve parts.

. valve by means of pressure.

provide. a rotary valve UNITED oFF cE ENGINE ohn Tiaarda, Detroit, Mich, n... to 1m;

Manufacturing Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application liovember 29, mo, Serial No. 367,705

1-: Claims. (01. 123-190) This invention relates to internal combustion engines. 1 t In the construction of internal combustion engines, in an eflort to increase the power efficiency, an important development has been the increase in the rate of propagation of combustion of gas by means of increasing the compression ratio of the engine. This increased'compression ratio has been attained in one form of -.engine by the use'oi a rotary type valve having 7 a compression andcombustion space within itself and timed for communication with coacting in- I take, ignition and exhaust ports located upon the have a'tendency to preignite the combustible mixture thereby effectinga considerable loss of engine .power. Furthermore, at high rotating speeds a lack'of suflicient lubrication will cause the valvetjo adhere tothe surfaces of the cylinder head causing a scoring of the cooperating parts and thus limit the emciency of the engine.

It is an important object of the invention to provide an engine havingfa rotary valve of the foregoing type so constructed as to provide an adequate circulation of cooling liquid over its entire surfaces and thus uniformly cool all the It is another object of the invention to provide an engine having a rotary valve of the foregoing type so constructed as to provide an adequate circulation of cooling liquid over its entire surfaces and thus uniformly cool all the valve parts, said cooling fluid being induced into the the flow of which is regulated by suitable metering devices whereby the necessary cooling circulation is obtained.

It is another object of the. invention to provide a rotary valve so constructed as to induce a flow of lubricating i'luid thro i the valve walls from its inner to its outer surfaces. said'iiow be-' ing controlled by means of small holes or ports placed at desirable intervals on the valve surfaces.

It is still another obiectiof the invention to,

i so constructed ate induce a flow of lubricating fluid through the valve walls fromv its inner to its outer surfaces, said flow being enhanced by thecentrifugal force set engines andis directed more particularly to liquid cooled and lubricated rotary valves for such ance.

present invention.

up inside the valve by the rotating body of cooling and lubricating fluid. i I

Still ajurther object is to provide a valve of the rotary type comprising a relatively light alloy of metal and so constructed asto be light in weight, resistant to distortion and by distribution of metal substantially perfect in rotary bal- Other objects of this invention will appear in' the following description and appended claims,

reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a art of this specification wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views. I

- Fig. l is a sectional view of an engine cylinder equipped with a rotary valve embodying the Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken substantially through lines 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking'in the direction of the arrows.

' Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially through lines 3-3 of Fig. 1, lookingin the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged bottom plan view of as shown in Fig. 1.

through the lines 5-5 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows. I 7

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially through the lines 8'--B ofFig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken through lines 1-1 of Fig. 4,1ooking in the direction of the ar-v rows.

Fla. .8 is through lines 8-8 of Fig.

.a sectional view taken substantially '4, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken substantially through lines 9-8 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows.

.Be'fore explaining in tion it is to be understood that the invention is 'not limited in its application to the details of construction and arrangement of parts iilustrated in the accompanying drawings, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various 1 ways. .Also it is to be understood that the phrasei ology or terminology employed herein .is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, and y it is not intended to limit the invention claimed herein beyond the requirements of the Driorart.

for the purpose of illustrating the invention, a

Referring particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown section of an internal combustion engine cylindetail the present invenof outwardly converging asmgno ner it is possible to remove an excess metal and therefore make the cone light as is practicable. Such construction furthermore makes possible the provision of dividing ribs I4 and 3! which ofjcombustible mixture is supplied to the cylinder through the medium of a riser I3. It will be noted that the supply ofthe mixture is from not only serve as baiiie plates to aid the circulation of the' oil within the chambers when thevalve is rotating but serve as supp rting valve segments located at suitable intervals within the the inner side of the cylinder outwardly toward.

the cylinder and that the exhaust gases are per mitted to escapethrough exhaust port I, see

valve and, .as such, resist the possibility of valve distortion. By this construction a distribution of metal is alsov provided which results in" a valve Fig. 1, located at the outer side of the cylinder.'.

In the present instance the intake of the combustible mixture into the cylinder, also the scav enging and exhaust of the products of combus tion, are controlled by a valve mechanism generally designated as V positioned in the outer extremity of the cylinder. The intake passage I3 of the cylinder and the exhaust passage I4 communicate with inlet and outlet ports! mounted in the cylinder head. 'The'rotary c'one valve V shown in Fig. 1' has an outwardly converging valve skirt. II integrally attached to an outwardly projecting stem or stub shaft I6 iournalled through suitable bearing races I1 which are preloaded by tightening the bearing nut I8. The

- shaft I8 is secured to a bevel gear I9 by means of-a hollow bolt and washer 2i. The gear I! gear 22 secured to a valve drivis in mesh'with a ing shaft 23. The valve actuating shaft 23 together with gear I9 operates in a longitudinally extending housing 14. The shaft 23 is preferably hollow to minimize weight and to permit the flow of oil therethrough for lubricating purposes.

The inner face of the rotary cone valve I5 is concave tocooperate with the complementary convex hea'd Ila of the piston, the valve having an interior dome-like combustion chamber lid with which the intake-and exhaust passages I3 and I4 communicate at intervals during the rotation of the valve. The spark plug 25 for the cylinder also communicates through a port. with the'combustionchamber its at predetermined intervals during the rotation of the valve for the purpose of firing the compressed mixture.

Referringparticularly to Figs. 2 and 5, there is shown, by way of illustration, a rotary cone type valve embodying the present invention and generally designated as V in Fig. 1. This valve consists of a casting of any suitable metal having a relatively low coefficient of expansion such, for example, as an aluminum alloy and comprises the flared skirt-like portion I! which converges outwardlyinto a cylindrically shaped stub or stem extension I! which is provided along its outer end-with a series of longitudinal splines or grooves 28 which are adapted to mesh with keys or tongues 28a of the ring gear is. Formed upand at their. inner extremities to provide a means for the proper circulation of oil necessary to provide equal cooling toall parts of the valve surface. Ducts Ila and "a are drilled through the dividing ribs 34 and 35, see Figs. 5 and 6, at

. their lower extremities, For the purpose of per-- on the peripheryof the valve substantially at the juncture of said'skirt II and stem II is an annular groove 2T adapted to receive a cooling and lubricating medium whichmay be any liquidwith combined qualities suitable for cooling and lubrication of which, in the present instance, oil is preferred. The skirt portion II, as best shown in Figs. 2, ,3 and 6, comprises a plurality oil circulating chambers 28, and II. These chambers, formed in d the valve skirt bythe insertion of an interior core" (not shown) in the casting process, are sealed upon removalof the core by plugs 3L): and ll as shown in Fig. 5 which are subsequently machined off to provide the effect of a solid wallupon'the'lo'wer or innerend face of the valve. By constructing the cone chambers in the converging portions of the chambers for this purpose. The oil passage 30 shown in Figs. 2 and 7 andrib opening lla shown in Fig. 8 serveas a means of interconnecting the said chambers at mitting an induction of oil into the chambers from the gear housing 24, chamber 10 is connected to the annular oil receiving groove 21 by means of an oil induction ductor conduit 21a. To permit the flow of oil out of the oil circulating' chambers, an oil outlet passage Ila formed along the axis of valvestem I6, is connected to chamber 28' by means of a conduit lib and in communication with the gear housing 24 by means of a drilled hole 20a through the axis of.

the bolt 20. N

Inthe operation of the valve, see Figs. 2, 4' and 5, the oil flows under the pressure of a suitable .oil pump (not shown) into the bearing and gear housing 2% through the bearing races I'l into the annular oil receiving groove 21. At this point the oil is forced into the valve chamber ill through the induction conduit 21a. From chamber 30 the oil flows through the passage or flat elongated cavity 38 into chamber 2| from which area it seeks a passage through rib opening "a into chamber II where it contacts the flat surfaces of rib or wall 34- which serves as a baiiie plate thus directing the oil upward through chamber or cavity 20 and thence through conduit "b into the oil outlet passage Na, thence through the drilled hole Ila of the bolt 20 into the gear housing 24 from which point it returns to the pump for'cooling and recirculating.

It should be noted in the circulation of the' oil within the valve chambers that oil conduits 34a and Ila are important equalizing factors in preventing the possibility of the formation of back pressure or of oil pockets within the chambers wherein the oil might stagnate. become overheated and in consequence effect an unequal cooling of the valve surfaces. The said conduits assist the circulation of oil within the chambers in the followingmanner: As the oil in chamber Il-rushes from the inlet conduit Ila pastthe opening. of conduit a, a portion of th oil is drawn through the conduit from chamber ll into chamber ll. To further assist this action a portion of the oil as it surges up throughchamber '2! is forced through both conduits a and Ila into the chambers 20 and II. Thus. a continuous circulation of oil to all partsflof the oil through a plurality'of lubricating conduits 28a and 2812 located at desired points on the valve surface, connecting the valve chambers with the outer surface of the valve and thus lubricating the valye while it is rotatingrRegulation of the flow of oil into the valv to'maintain a rate of flow necessary for cooling purposes may be attained by increasing or decreasing the size of the outlet conduit I61) and by a variation of the inlet pressure on the oil forced into conduit Iclaim: I y 1. In an internal combustion engine of the type having a cylinder and a reciprocating pisbers and from one chamber to another.

2. In an internal combustion'engine, a rotary valve having a valve skirt and a--valve stem projecting therefrom, said skirt having a plurality of connecting chambers formed therein and adapted to receive a cooling liquid, said chambers being separated at least in part by walls formed integrally from the skirt, and means whereby the cooling liquid may be circulated within the said chambers.

3. A rotary valve comprising a valve skirt and a hollow valve stem projecting therefrom, said valve skirt having a plurality of connecting chambers formed therein with connecting passage through said stem, said chambers adapted to receive a cooling liquid and being separated at least in part by walls formed integrally with the skirt, and means for circulating the cooling liquid in said, casing through said chambers and valve stem.

4. A rotary valve comprising a valve skirt and a hollow valve stem integrally projecting therefrom, said valve skirt having a plurality of connecting chambers formed therein with connecting passage through said stem, said chambers adapted to receive a cooling liquid and being separated at least in part by walls formed integrally with the skirt, and means for circulating the cooling liquid in said casing through said chambers and valve stem and for inducing a flow of the liquid from on chamber to another.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a conical shaped rotary valve having a hollow valve stem projecting therefrom, said valve havin a I plurality of connection and converging chambers formed therein'with connecting passage through said valve stem, said chambers being separated at least in part by partition walls formed integrally with the valve, said chambers adapted to receive a cooling liquid, and means for circulating the cooling liquid in said casing through said chambers and valve stem. I 1

6. A rotary valve for an engine comprising a valve body having a projecting valve stem provided with a discharge passage extending into a valve skirt having a plurality of connecting chambers formed therein with connecting passage through said stem, said chambers being separated at least in part by partition walls formed integrally withthe 'skirt, said chambers being provided with an inlet passage, and a means for circulating a cooling liquid through said inlet passa e to the valve chambers and out said discharge passage.

" 7. A rotary valve comprising a valve skirt hav ing a valve stem projecting therefrom, said valve skirt having internally formed connecting chambers, said chambers being provided with a plurality of outlet passages connecting said chambers with the outer surface of the valve skirt, said chambers being separated at least in part by partition'walls formed integrally with the skirt, and

means for producing circulation of a cooling ifluid within the said chambers and to the outer surface of the valve skirt. v

8. A rotary valve for an engine comprising a valve skirt having-a valve stem projecting therefrom, said valve'skirt having internally formed connecting chambers separated at least'in part ber, the walls of said combustion chamber having passages separated by rib means, and means for directing a cooling liquid through said pas-.

sages from one to another.

v 10. A rotary valve having a combustion cham- I bet, the walls of said combustion chamber having connecting passages separated by a plurality of internal walls separated by an internal wall or walls for the flow therethrough of a lubricating oil, and separate inlet and outlet ports common to said passages,

11. A rotary valve having a combustion chamber, the walls of said combustion chamber hav-.

ing passages separated by internal walls for the flow therethrough of a lubricating oil, and separate inlet and outlet ports common to said passages, and means for directing oil from said passages to the outer surface of the valve.

12. A rotary valve provided with a combustion space and at least partially surrounding walls cored to provide connecting chambers separated byribs.

13. A generally conical rotary valve provided with a combustion space and at least partially surrounding walls cored to provide chambers separated by ribs.

14. A rotary valve provided with a combustion space and at least partially surrounding walls cored to provide chambers separated by ribs, and inlet and outlet ports permitting a flow of liquid into and out of said chambers.

15. In an internal combustion engine having.

- combustion chamber, a duct for lubricating oil extending through an outer wall of the valve into through the stem.

the cooling chamber, and aduct for said oil exe ndlng through an outer wall 0! the valveintotending axially from said cooling chamber I cooling chamber, a duct for said oil extend- I ing axially from said cooling chamber through 1'1. A rotary generally conical valve having a the stem, and means -for directing oil through combustion chamber and an axially extending 5 said first named duct and said cooling chamber stem, the walls of aid combustion chamber havand thence through said second named duct. ing a cooling chamber extending around said i combustion chamber, a duct for lubricating oil 7 JOHN TJAARDA.

- cEfinmqAm 0F CORRECTIQR. Patent; No 2,527,L;7o. Auguib 21;, 191

Joan TJAARDA.

.It' 1: hereby certified that: error appears in the fprirgted apecificgticn of the damn numbeqed patent requiring dorre'ction a follows: Page i sec 0nd column, lingi 36 and B'ZQciai'm 10-, pfter the word .walla" str1ko o'ut I'Qoparatod by un'intemnl will of wills! and un t the aid Lettoi-a Pntent lhpuld be .reld with this con ection thoroinfthfl: tho'nma mny conform to the record ofth o' use in the Pltent Office,

'sz ma and' sealed this 26th dny of Octdber, A.- n. 1915.

Henry Vuilradhlo (Sally Acting Olomptdaioner of Futon; 

